Doping, as described by the National Anti-Doping Agency Rules 2021, consists of violations such as the use of prohibited substances and the presence of the substance or their metabolites in the body sample, evasion or refusal of testing of banned substances, whereabouts failures during testing, possession or trafficking of prohibited substances without proper justification, administering these substances to others, complicity in violations, association with ineligible individuals, and acts or retaliating against whistleblowers. The health risks include thickened blood, leading to blood clots, strokes, and heart attacks, insulin resistance, acromegaly (abnormal growth of bones and tissues), and an increased risk of cancers, particularly colorectal cancer.