The Japanese technology group designed PHOTON by fundamentally reconsidering the Transformer architecture that underpins leading generative AI systems including OpenAI's ChatGPT, Anthropic's Claude and Google's Gemini. Fujitsu's research paper found that PHOTON could outperform a Transformer model with as few as nine parallel sequences, Ichikawa said. Companies are increasingly deploying AI systems for software development and other complex tasks, but heavy use can generate extremely high computing bills. When it processes only one query and produces one answer, it generally performs worse than a comparable Transformer model. Fujitsu has worked on the project for about two years as part of a long-term effort to create a fundamentally different AI architecture.