Our results point to significant gaps in labour market outcomes between Muslims and non-Muslims that persist even when the data are broken down by gender, immigration status or visible minority status. This disparity grew when we broke the data down by gender and visible minority status. White non-Muslim women earned 87 cents, and visible minority non-Muslim women earned 73 cents, for every dollar earned by white non-Muslim men. But once we accounted for visible minority status, gender and religious affiliation, the degree of “generation benefit” was conditional. Results suggest that 17% of visible minority Muslims and 18% of non-visible minority Muslims fall below the low-income threshold, compared to eight per cent of the non-visible minority non-Muslim population and 11% of the visible minority non-Muslim population.