While long-term scientific research is continuing, these sites have contributed substantially to the debates about the Neanderthal and human evolution. Criterion (iii): Gorham's Cave Complex provides an exceptional testimony to the occupation, cultural traditions and material culture of Neanderthal and early modern human populations through a period spanning approximately 120,000 years. Protection and management requirementsThe property and most of the buffer zone are located within the Gibraltar Nature Reserve (Upper Rock Nature Reserve). Management plans are in place for the property and for the (larger) Gibraltar Nature Reserve. Access to the caves is strictly controlled, and visitors must be accompanied by a guide approved by the Director of the Gibraltar Museum.