Alberta Premier Danielle Smith has directed officials to invoke the Charter's notwithstanding clause in amending three laws that affect transgender people, says a leaked government memo obtained by The Canadian Press. "We're going to argue that we're being reasonable, proportionate and evidence-based, and we'll see how it goes in court," Smith said last December. Alberta is not alone in invoking the notwithstanding clause. Last month, a Saskatchewan court ruled the notwithstanding clause prevents it from striking down that pronoun legislation. Prime Minister Mark Carney has said he opposes the pre-emptive use of the notwithstanding clause.