One of the earliest recorded professions for Jewish women was that of the midwife. His teachings filtered through centuries — reaching the hands of Jewish midwives and feldshers (healthcare professionals) in the towns of Eastern Europe. Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi (1510–1569) was one of the wealthiest and most influential Jewish women of Renaissance Europe. In the 1970s, college-educated Jewish women like Golda Meir, Bella Abzug, and Gloria Steinem stepped boldly into the public spotlight. From the days of Pharaoh to modern boardrooms, Jewish women have adapted to their times and helped shape them.