The GSMA launched a new public policy paper on spectrum considerations for D2D services, providing governments with guidance for this emerging technology. To shape best practice on D2D, the GSMA Board launched a spectrum task force in 2024 – bringing together over 50 mobile and satellite operators. It cannot provide the capacity that terrestrial mobile networks can deliver, but with the correct regulation, D2D can supplement terrestrial mobile coverage. Using mobile satellite service (MSS) spectrum:Handsets must include specialised chipsets, currently limited to a small number of high-end devices. Priorities for policymakersThe GSMA’s paper highlights that governments considering early D2D regulation should:Protect mobile networks by requiring D2D operations to prevent interference with existing mobile services domestically and across borders.