The primary responsibility is converting the stack-based Java bytecode into register-based Dalvik bytecode so that it can run on Android's VM. D8 takes compiled Java bytecode and produces equivalent functionality using Dalvik bytecode. $ adb shell push classes.dex /sdcard $ adb shell dex2oat --dex-file=/sdcard/classes.dex --oat-file=/sdcard/classes.oat $ adb logcat … 11-29 13:57:08.303 4508 4508 I dex2oat : dex2oat --dex-file=/sdcard/classes.dex --oat-file=/sdcard/classes.oat 11-29 13:57:08.306 4508 4508 W dex2oat : Failed to open .dex from file '/sdcard/classes.dex': Failed to open dex file '/sdcard/classes.dex' from memory: Unrecognized version number in /sdcard/classes.dex: 0 3 7 11-29 13:57:08.306 4508 4508 E dex2oat : Failed to open some dex files: 1 11-29 13:57:08.309 4508 4508 I…