Researchers at the University of Chicago and Tsinghua University, in China, analyzed nearly 68 million research papers across six scientific disciplines (not including computer science) and found that papers incorporating AI techniques were cited more often but also focused on a narrower set of topics and were more repetitive. It found that scientists who used AI tools to conduct their research published 67 percent more papers annually, on average, and their papers were cited more than three times as often as those who didn’t use AI. Similarly, Evans and his co-authors—Fengli Xu, Yong Li, and Qianyue Hao—found that AI research spurred 24 percent less follow-on engagement than non-AI research in the form of papers that cited each other as well as the original paper.