In addition to competing in the AIxCC’s spiritual predecessor, the Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC), our team at Trail of Bits has been working to apply AI/ML techniques to critical cybersecurity problems for many years. DARPA’s CGC, like the AIxCC, tasked competitors with developing CRSs that find vulnerabilities at scale (i.e., that scan many challenge programs in a limited period of time) without any human intervention. For other cyber tasks (including those relevant to the AIxCC) such as creating malicious software, finding vulnerabilities in source code, and creating exploits, current-generation LLMs had novice-like capabilities and could only marginally upskill novice users.