Feature Kustomize Helm Kubectl integration Yes (since v1.14) No Ease of use Simple for patching More complex due to templating syntax Approach Overlays for resource customization Templates for dynamic configuration Declarative/imperative Fully declarative Both declarative and imperative (with hooks, scripts) Packaging & distribution No Yes (packaging applications as charts) Version control/Rollbacks No (requires external tools like Git) Yes (built-in release management) State management No Yes (manages release history and state) Customization flexibility High for environment-specific changes High for full application lifecycle Pre-built ecosystem None Extensive (large library of pre-built charts) CI/CD integration Ideal for GitOps Well-suited for traditional CI/CD workflows and GitOps…