Now each participant inserts text concurrently, describing the insertion location with offsets relative to insertion 0.0 . First, replica 1 incorporates the red insertion with id 0.1 , splitting insertion 0.0 in two just as occurred when replica 0 originally inserted this text. Just because operation A has a lower Lamport timestamp than operation B, it doesn't necessarily mean that it causally preceded operation B, because we have no guarantees about the relationship between the Lamport timestamps of concurrent operations.