That is, if a process repeatedly touched more than 32 MiB of memory – let’s say 64 MiB of memory – then how much longer could these memory operations take compared to if the working set was not limited? The memory faulted in might be a zeroed page (first use of an allocated page), a page from the standby list (pages in memory that contain data), a compressed page, or a page that is backed by a file (a memory mapped file or the page file). It looks like every time a page is faulted in to the process the system immediately trims the working set, presumably removing another page from the working set.