The AWS Firecracker paper is fascinating because Amazon has implemented a new Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) which closely matches the requirements of their AWS Lambda service. Firecracker is a new Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) specialized for Serverless (AWS Lambda) workloads, but generally useful for containers, functions and other compute workloads within a reasonable set of constraints. Figure 2: Perf of fifty Firecracker guests booting in parallel on a host (FC-pre means Firecracker daemon is already running)