Uzbekistan no longer has any highly enriched uranium (HEU) lying around. The United States, Russia, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have been working since 2002 to return Russian-origin HEU located around the world to Russia. The Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return (RRRFR) program is just one of a successive number of initiatives and ad hoc projects between the U.S. and Russia regarding nuclear materials. India’s test changed public perception and introduced worries that civilian-use nuclear materials could be repurposed by states or obtained and misused by terrorists. Last year, HEU from Kazakhstan’s Alatau reactor was repatriated to Russia under the same program and, as will happen in Uzbekistan, the IAEA is working with Kazakhstan to switch the reactor to using LEU.