In a postscript to this chapter, reprinted below, I comment on the new UN report that found Israel is committing genocide in Gaza. In September 2025, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry released a new report in which it found that Israel was committing genocide in Gaza. The Commission’s latest report confirmed this: as it concluded that Israel was committing a genocide in Gaza, it dispensed with the language and investigative modus operandi of a “war” situation. A classified Israeli intelligence report found that 83 percent of Gazans killed were civilians (ibid., paras. 23 The report mistakenly infers that Israel’s intention was to “trap Palestinians in Gaza, creating such conditions that would prohibit them from escaping and ultimately lead to their destruction” (ibid., para.