Drawing lessons from Japan, the world’s most aged society, the study argues that reforms made now can prevent health systems from buckling under demographic pressure later. This neighbourhood-level model connects primary health care, housing, long-term care, and social services – allowing older adults to remain independent and reducing hospital strain. Sonu Bhaskar ageing lessonsJapan’s longevity is unmatched, but health span – the years lived in good health – lags behind. He points to policies like frailty prevention, targeted nutrition to combat sarcopenic obesity, and universal mental-health screening in primary care. Sonu Bhaskar ageing lessonsREAD MORE: Duty and distance: Caring across continents and generations