Roughly 10% to 20% of the 208 million pregnancies that occur each year globally end in miscarriage, and surgery is often required to remove the contents of the uterus. The results of the Antibiotics in Miscarriage Surgery (AIMS) trial showed that, under pragmatic, broad criteria for pelvic infection that included clinical judgment, women who were given prophylactic antibiotics had a lower rate of infection 14 days after miscarriage surgery than those who received a placebo, but the risk of infection was not significantly lower (a 23% drop). Under this definition, diagnosis of a pelvic infection requires two or more of four clinical features. Serwadda believes that this less specific definition of infection may have inadvertently reduced the odds of observing a true difference in pelvic infection rates between the two groups. Given the risks associated with pelvic infections in LMICs, these data provide reasonable support for prescribing prophylactic antibiotics in these settings.