If you make a trainee’s involvement optional, if a new technology allows you to, as an expert, work without their support that seems like it’s going to compromise their learning whether or not we’re talking about chip design, policing or surgery. It also works against them in the sense that if you make these specialized experts who now work with these machines, the sole people doing the work and you have no succession plan essentially, that can create a real talent problem for you too. CURT NICKISCH: That’s Matt Beane, assistant professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the author of the HBR article “Learning to Work with Intelligent Machines.”