HENRY CHESBROUGH: Open innovation is a distributed innovation process involving flows of knowledge across organizational boundaries for both monetary and nonmonetary reasons, in line with an organization’s business model. And what I find is that we used to make a number of investments in our innovation infrastructure starting with the GI Bill in 1944, which provided funding for millions of people to go to college for the very first time, to the interstate highway system in the 1950s, which really tremendously expanded the highway network which in turn enabled a whole range of new businesses from logistics and transportation to shopping, to tourism, et cetera, to the 1960s where we had the Apollo Moon Program and all the response to Sputnik when we greatly increased the funding for…