Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 – 30 January 1788) known to history as “the Young Pretender” and “Bonnie Prince Charlie” was the elder son of James Francis Edward Stuart, grandson of James II and VII, and the Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1766 as Charles III. The Jacobite forces under Charles initially achieved several victories in the field, including the Battle of Prestonpans in September 1745 and the Battle of Falkirk Muir in January 1746. Charles Edward Stuart died in Rome of a stroke on 31st January 1788, aged 67.