Put differently, under what conditions can we expect a group of individuals to act cohesively and effectively as a collective, and in what circumstances does human behavior prevent such action? So, Elon’s premise that Twitter can behave like a collective intelligence only holds if the structure of the network and nature of interactions is tuned to promote collective outcomes. Either way, if he truly believes in the promise of harnessing digital media to produce positive collective behavior, he should expand his commitment to working with researchers that study these questions, and provide them with the resources– both financial and data– to do the work.