Instead, the dynamics at the Summit reflected the emergence of a no-holds-barred AI arms race between the four big AI power blocks of the USA, EU, India, and China, once described by Ian Hogarth in 2018 as “AI nationalism. Regulation, with one example being the implementation of the EU AI Act which marks some progress on AI standards and AI risk assessment, but has so far done little to counter the big threats such as the erosion of truth and democracy, or to stave off AI militarization or the threat of mass unemployment. That means this year, in 2025, we will need to co-create the AI Global Citizens’ Assembly with movements, academics, media, and the key AI power holders in tech companies and government.