That could have included the use of the EU’s new digital rules like the Digital Services Act (DSA), Digital Markets Act (DMA) and upcoming Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) to go after Silicon Valley just as Trump’s administration had targeted European automakers. For many outside of the bloc, the likes of the DMA, DSA, and AI Act are perceived as part of a longstanding protection racket where EU officials target primarily American tech giants with multi-billion dollar fines and demands on how they operate — almost exclusively to favor smaller European rivals. Under the digital competition legislation, separate EU officials are focused on providing breathing space for European and non-European tech companies to grow beyond the online dominance of a few Silicon Valley giants.