However, if Russia attacks any of the NATO-member nations, it could prompt NATO to invoke what’s known as Article 5, a collective-defense mechanism that NATO itself describes as “the very heart of NATO’s founding treaty.” Could NATO’s Article 5 require the United States, as the key member of NATO’s military, to wage a direct military fight against Russia? The key text of Article 5 says that “an armed attack against one or more” NATO members “shall be considered an attack against them all,” and that in this scenario, the members agree to “assist the party or parties so attacked” with “such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force.”