For example, the Russian central bank quickly hiked interest rates from 9.5% to 20% in the immediate aftermath of the invasion, and the government imposed strict capital controls to force buying of the ruble and limit selling, including requiring Russian exporters to convert a percentage of their excess revenues into rubles. France has increased imports of Russian fossil fuels since the war began, and in the first hundred days of the war, Russia’s top five buyers, in terms of euros spent, included Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, according to research published earlier this month by the Europe-based Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air.