At Yale, every doctoral student in the humanities and social sciences was expected to be familiar the writings of Clifford Geertz, Sidney Mintz, Marshall Sahlins, Victor Turner and Eric Wolf in anthropology; E. O. Wilson in biology; Perry Anderson, Eric Hobsbawm, E. P. Thompson and Immanuel Wallerstein in history; Louis Althusser, Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault in literary studies and philosophy; Benedict Anderson, Hannah Arendt, Robert Dahl, Seymour Martin Lipset and James C. Scott in political science; Gordon Allport, Albert Bandura, John Bowlby, Urie Bronfenbrenner, Erik Erikson, Howard Gardner, Carol Gilligan, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Elizabeth Loftis and Endel Tulving in psychology; and Herbert Gans, Erving Goffman, David Riesman, Richard Sennett and Theda Skocpol in sociology.