In early May, when the cochairs of the University’s task forces on combating antisemitism and combating anti-Muslim, -Arab, and -Palestinian bias commented briefly on what they had heard from the community, they offered similar impressions. Overcoming that would require introducing new teaching methods and educating the community about religious literacy. Penslar reported a lack of healthy discussion of “controversial subjects” amid pervasive fear and distrust: for an academic community, a sign of things gone off the rails. Both task forces, organized in January, issued preliminary findings and near-term recommendations on June 26, with final reports (including in-depth investigations of campus culture) and longer-term action plans due in the fall semester. Interim president Alan M. Garber, who created the task forces, welcomed their initial efforts, which he attributed to their “willingness to seek truth, to listen while withholding judgment, and to speak with kindness”—traits he called “a powerful example of how I hope we can proceed together.” He also cited “their optimism.