This author began a systemic, geo-political and philosophical analysis of waste in 2013 by beginning with food waste (Cloke, 2013:“The total food waste by consumers in industrialized countries (222 million tons) is almost equal to the entire food production in sub-Saharan Africa (230 million tons). These same systems also waste the labour, water, energy and resources needed to produce that waste food, which have their own production chains. Food security and food waste. Global waste management outlook 2024: Beyond an age of waste: Turning rubbish into a resource. Global Waste Management Outlook 2024: Beyond an age of waste – Turning rubbish into a resource.