The roots of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) can be traced back to the aftermath of the Partition in August 1947, when British colonial rule ended and the subcontinent was divided into two independent nations—India and Pakistan. As per the Treaty, India has exclusive rights to the waters of the Eastern Rivers—Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—while Pakistan receives unrestricted use of the Western Rivers—Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab. Approximately 80% of Pakistan’s water supply comes from the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers — all of which originate in India.