A recent report by cybersecurity firm CloudSEK found that the claims of Pakistan-linked hacktivist groups leading a sophisticated campaign of cyberattacks against India were mostly misleading and exaggerated. As per the report, multiple hacktivist collectives—including Nation of Saviours, KAL EGY 319, and Vulture—claimed responsibility for over 100 attacks on Indian government websites, educational institutions, and critical infrastructure in May, posting announcements of website defacements and data leaks, as tensions escalated between India and Pakistan.