My name is Dr. Matthew Guariglia, I'm a historian of surveillance and policing, I'm also a senior policy analyst at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and the author of Police and the Empire City, Race and the Origins of Modern Policing in New York. And during this moment, all these police departments are really searching for a new model of policing that will allow mostly white, mostly native English speaking police to police a very multi ethnic, multi racial, and multilingual city.