have wide-ranging impacts on milk production, export competitiveness, and domestic consumption, and is reshaping the industry's landscape in the short run. In 2023, milk production totaled 11.7 million tons, but this figure is forecast to fall 7 percent to 10.8 million tons. In 2024, milk production in the European Union (EU) remains relatively unchanged. The profitability of milk production has been declining since early 2023, with farm-gate milk prices dropping while production costs for inputs remaining high. FLUID MILK: Milk output is trending seasonally lower throughout most of the country.