It’s worth noting that only 16 recommendations related to freedom of expression and freedom of assembly, issues of special concern to Freemuse, of these just three were supported. Iran asserted this aggression threatens its ability to implement human rights obligations under the UPR. This confrontation, which involved large-scale attacks by both sides and resulted in significant casualties and damage, further complicated the situation for freedom of expression and art in Iran. Among the consequences of war are increased self-censorship and a shrinking space for freedom of art, expression, and activity. The cases of Toomaj Salehi, Maryam Moghadam, Behtash Sanaiha, and Zara Esmaili, among others, demonstrate violations of artists’ rights, freedom of expression, and art.