FMD: Global threat to livestock Foot and mouth disease can be catastrophic for young ruminants6 August 2025 6 August 2025 3 minute read 3 minute read By: By: Chris WrightEditor's note: The following is from a report by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH), in The State of the World’s Animal Health 20251Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease, affecting cattle, swine, sheep, goats and other cloven-hoofed ruminants. Together with other measures, vaccination has proven to be a vital tool in protecting susceptible animals from FMD. Depending on the country’s specific situation, vaccination strategies can range from mass coverage of the entire livestock population to targeted vaccinations in high-risk areas or emergency vaccination in case of outbreak. Tailored strategiesWhile vaccination can be used effectively to manage FMD, the control strategies for FMD vary between countries due to factors like disease prevalence, geography, economic resources and veterinary infrastructure. – The State of the World’s Animal Health 2025.