The report, When Bombs Turn the Taps Off: The Impact of Conflict on Water Infrastructure in Lebanon, laid bare both the immediate and long-term effects of repeated attacks on Lebanese water infrastructure between October 2023 and April 2025. “One of our major worries is the mid- to long-term effects of the difficulties for farmers to irrigate their land,” explained Takkenberg. “Water quality after any kind of conflict is a concern and we are definitely worried about it in southern Lebanon after these attacks,” she added. It urges humanitarian programmers and donors to support the rehabilitation and operationalization of conflict-affected water infrastructure and ensure temporary access to safe water and basic sanitation services through the provision of water trucking, emergency water points, and safe wastewater discharge. The various kinds of water infrastructure are protected as civilian objects under IHL and must never be attacked.