Merck will not build its planned research operations in London, citing the UK's challenging business environment, and would relocate the research activity to existing sites primarily in the United States. In March, Merck also opened a $1 billion vaccine facility in Durham, NC. The company's animal health unit will also invest $895 million to expand its Kansas manufacturing and R&D site, part of a broader $9 billion U.S. investment through 2028. Amgen announced last week that it is putting $600M into a new R&D center in Thousand Oaks, CA, where it is headquartered. As well, Johnson & Johnson, AbbVie, AstraZenica, Lilly, and Novartis have all poured millions into US manufacturing this year.