In Poland’s case, none of the electoral reforms undertaken by PiS-led governments have restricted electoral contestation. This is the area most affected by PiS reforms, and one where backsliding can be noted. Summary: Resilience through mobilizationIn sum, a certain resilience of elections can be observed during the period of democratic backsliding in Poland, which can be explained by the nature of electoral reforms. RecoveryThe change of government following the October 2023 parliamentary elections signalled an opportunity for a change of course in electoral reforms. As things stand, there is little hope that future electoral reforms will enjoy broad political consensus.