A Primer on Lebanon—History, Palestine and Resistance to Israeli ViolenceNote: The following primer has been updated and published as part of MER’s winter issue, ‘Resistance—The Axis and Beyond.’ Read the updated primer here. The United States has also intervened to support the Israeli state, which has regularly inflicted violence on civilians in Lebanon. This primer situates the latest Israeli war on Lebanon and resistance to it within the broader context of Lebanon’s political development and its relationship to Palestine. [4]The Zionist movement unsuccessfully lobbied Great Britain and France to include the Litani River, now in South Lebanon, in the mandate for Palestine. The violence continued after the Israeli state unilaterally declared its independence in 1948.