These datasets are then used to train specialized language models designed to streamline materials research. This process, known as knowledge distillation, captures detailed materials information in a form that off-the-shelf AI models can easily ingest. Alongside this work, the team has pursued related studies to develop language models tailored to specific domains of materials science. Together, these efforts, along with the many studies Cole's team has published over the past decade with ALCF support, illustrate how AI is transforming materials science research. Ultimately, Cole believes this approach could help further democratize AI in materials science.