After years of use, many traction batteries still have a residual capacity of between 70 and 80 percent. While this may be too little for further use in vehicles, some cells could still serve well in large storage systems for households, businesses, or utility providers. Shredding used modules or entire high-voltage storage systems would thus waste valuable resources. By 2030, the number of used batteries in the EU is expected to increase more than tenfold. Completely intact units can even be used in new traction batteries.