Categorization of GNSS ThreatsAlthough jamming and spoofing can be considered the most critical threats, GNSS signals can be degraded in various other ways. As a result, the carrier-to-noise values will drop below the receiver’s acquisition and/or tracking threshold, and GNSS signals cannot be processed anymore. GNSS tests may also be performed in combination with live GNSS signals using already existing field infrastructure such as GNSS receivers installed at mobile base stations. For testing GNSS receivers with multiple antenna inputs, particularly CRPA systems, several RF sources/paths need to be combined and synchronized. Rohde & Schwarz SolutionWith GNSS test solutions from Rohde & Schwarz, all the relevant requirements for testing GNSS receivers against GNSS threats can be addressed.