They were deliberate operations designed to intimidate Australia’s Jewish community and fracture Australian society from within. This combination of terrorism and foreign interference, while not unprecedented, is more than just the standard national security threat. That these activities involve both foreign interference and terrorism should not be underplayed. As Burke reminded us, Australians of Iranian heritage must not be scapegoated for the actions of a hostile regime. Protecting Australia means standing firm against foreign interference while ensuring every community knows they belong.