Ajai ShuklaThe Diplomat, 7th July 2025https://thediplomat.com/2025/07/who-won-the-100-hour-war-pakistan-or-india/The government of India continues to field awkward questions about whether the Indian Air Force (IAF) won or lost the 100-hour war it launched against the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) on May 7. Speaking at a seminar in Jakarta, Shiva Kumar said that the IAF reacted to its initial aircraft losses by modifying its combat tactics. This was the first time since the 1971 War that IAF aircraft had struck targets on Pakistani soil. Mediation by Washington led to the IAF pilot’s repatriation within 48 hours, allowing both India and Pakistan to declare victory. So, who came out on top in this skirmish, India or Pakistan?