The Martu, an aboriginal people in Western Australia, wield fire to hunt the lizard Varanus gouldii, known as sand goannas. To understand how the Martu have maintained their food supply for so long, Bird, Stanford collaborator Rebecca Bliege Bird and colleagues spent a decade monitoring changes in lizard group sizes, hunting success and habitat throughout a more than 46,000-square-kilometer section of Martu land. FIRES BURN, LIZARDS THRIVE Martu women set blazes in the Western Australian desert to expose the dens of their prey, the sand goanna.