India: Researchers have found in a new study that calcium hydroxide remains a valuable intracanal medicament, with improved efficacy when combined with chlorhexidine or in nanoformulations. Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] has long been used in this role because of its strong alkalinity, antimicrobial activity, and ability to promote periapical tissue healing. Key Findings:Calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine (CHX) or in nanoparticle form provided better control of postoperative pain than calcium hydroxide alone. Previous studies also support the advantage of combining calcium hydroxide with chlorhexidine, highlighting the value of combination therapy. Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in endodontic retreatment: A systematic review of clinical outcome.