Mumbai: Indian equity markets witnessed a record-breaking year of fundraising between last Diwali and this Diwali, with companies mobilising the highest-ever amount through mainboard IPOs, SME IPOs, and qualified institutional placements (QIPs) in Samvat 2081. During Samvat 2081, as many as 433 Indian firms raised over Rs 2.9 lakh crore through various routes, up from Rs 2.53 lakh crore raised by 429 firms in Samvat 2080.In comparison, 251 firms had raised around Rs 79,900 crore in Samvat 2079, while 165 firms collected Rs 1.07 lakh crore in Samvat 2078. Another 47 firms raised Rs 98,993 crore via QIPs. Market experts attributed the record mobilisation to strong economic growth, favourable market conditions, and rising investor confidence. They pointed out that both domestic and foreign investors -- ranging from retail buyers to mutual funds and foreign portfolio investors -- showed keen interest in primary market opportunities even as the broader markets remained flat.