Given the sheer scale of violence and its leveling of homes, hospitals, schools and the civilians in them, the laws of war (also known as International Humanitarian Law, IHL) have become a renewed source of debate and scrutiny—most recently following the bombing of the Jabalia refugee camp on October 31, in which Israeli airstrikes killed at least 50 people in an attack that was allegedly targeting a single Hamas commander. Marya Hannun: Before we get into the context of the October 7 Hamas attacks on Israel and the Israeli-declared war on Gaza that has followed, could you begin by talking about the basic differences between human rights law and the laws of war?