These disputes oscillate between negotiations and confrontations, and India is compelled to weigh its strategic options with great care. For India, war with China would impose enormous economic and political costs, straining resources at a time when development and growth are national priorities. For China, war would derail its global ambitions and alienate partners when it faces pressure from the United States and its allies. India’s political system is democratic and pluralistic, which gives it both strength and challenges. At present, China’s economic slowdown and diplomatic pressures suggest it may not want open conflict.