Issue 228 – September 2025Non-Fictionby Douglas F. DluzenImagine walking into a local coffee shop with a good friend, Gabriela. The Student’s t-test is one such example, which can be used to determine if there is a statistical difference when comparing the averages between two groups. The first is the concept of the “null hypothesis,” which was also formally defined in Fisher’s The Design of Experiments. News anchors don’t lead their evening story that the latest clinical trials of a breakthrough drug for dementia by highlighting that we’ve rejected the null hypothesis. The stakes of the research are also essential to consider when reporting and analyzing research results and rejecting the null hypothesis.